Documentation/Calc Functions/CHIDIST

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    Function name:

    CHIDIST

    Category:

    Statistical Analysis

    Summary:

    Calculates a right-tail probability value for the chi-square ([math]\displaystyle{ \chi }[/math]2) distribution with a given number of degrees of freedom. The calculated value represents the area under the probability density function curve to the right of the specified chi-square statistic value.

    Chi-square distributions are a family of continuous probability distributions on the interval [0, +∞), with the shape of each distribution dependent on the number of degrees of freedom. Although few real-world observations follow a chi-square distribution, they are widely used in statistical hypothesis testing.

    Syntax:

    CHIDIST(Number; Degrees freedom)

    Returns:

    Returns a real number in the range [0, 1], which is the right-tail probability from the chi-square distribution for the given arguments.

    Arguments:

    Number is a non-negative real number, or a reference to a cell containing that number, which is the value to be used to determine the right-tail probability. In a hypothesis test, this could be the value of the chi-square statistic calculated using the expression [math]\displaystyle{ \sum_{}^{}\:\frac{(O\:-\:E)^2}{E} }[/math] for each pair of observed (O) and expected (E) values.

    Degrees freedom is a positive integer, or a reference to a cell containing that number, which is the number of degrees of freedom of the chi-square distribution.

    • If either Number or Degrees freedom is non-numeric, then CHIDIST reports a #VALUE! error.
    • If Degrees freedom is less than 1, then CHIDIST reports an invalid argument error (Err:502).
    • If Degrees freedom is a non-integer value, then CHIDIST truncates it to an integer value.
    • If Degrees freedom is greater than or equal to 1 and Number is less than 0.0, then CHIDIST returns the value 1. However, this behavior is a requirement of ODF 1.2 and negative values of Number are not expected.

    Additional details:

    • Calc's CHIDIST function meets the requirements of the LEGACY.CHIDIST function in ODF 1.2.
    • Calc's CHITEST and CHISQ.TEST functions are able to take arrays of expected and observed data, calculate the chi-square statistic, and then calculate the right tail probability for a chi-square goodness of fit test.
    • The formula for CHIDIST is:
    [math]\displaystyle{ \text{CHIDIST}(x;\:k)~=~\int_{x}^{\infty }\frac{t^{\frac{k}{2}-1}\:e^{-\frac{t}{2}}}{2^\frac{k}{2}\:\Gamma(\frac{k}{2})}~dt }[/math]
    where k is the number of degrees of freedom (k ≥ 1), x is the value of the chi-square statistic (x ≥ 0), and [math]\displaystyle{ \Gamma }[/math] is the gamma function.
    • The following figure shows right-tail probability plots for five sample chi-square distributions.
    Chi square right tail probability plots.png

    Examples:

    Formula Description Returns
    =CHIDIST(A1; A2) where cells A1 and A2 contain the values 13.27 and 5 respectively. Here the function returns a value of approximately 0.02 or 2%. To interpret this result, you might be carrying out a hypothesis test and working to a significance level of 0.05 or 5%. In this case, the value of 2% provides evidence that you should reject the null hypothesis because there is a statistically significant association between the variables of the experiment. Since the formula =CHIDIST(11.07; 5) returns approximately 0.05, it can be inferred that any chi-square statistic value greater than 11.07 implies that the null hypothesis should be rejected for an experiment with five degrees of freedom. 0.0209757694030221
    =CHIDIST(5; 3) Here the function returns a value of approximately 0.17 or 17%, which does not provide evidence to reject the null hypothesis when performing a hypothesis test with a 5% significance level. The formulas =CHISQ.DIST.RT(5; 3) and =1-CHISQ.DIST(5; 3; 1) provide the same result. 0.171797144296733
    =CHIDIST(3.45; 1.95) Here the function returns a value of approximately 0.06 or 6%. The non-integer value for the second argument is truncated to 1 and the formula =CHIDIST(3.45; 1) returns the same result. 0.0632517697927173

    Related LibreOffice functions:

    CHIINV

    CHISQ.DIST

    CHISQ.DIST.RT

    CHISQ.INV

    CHISQ.INV.RT

    CHISQ.TEST

    CHISQDIST

    CHISQINV

    CHITEST

    ODF standard:

    Section 6.18.11, part 2

    Related (or similar) Excel functions:

    CHIDIST