Macros/Python Basics

    From The Document Foundation Wiki

    Preamble

    This page presents the steps enabling to develop LibreOffice Python macros within an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Configuration or preferences setup are presented for a limited set of free and open source (FOSS) IDEs. Direct editing and debugging of Python macros within LibreOffice requires solely the Alternative Python Script Organizer (APSO) extension. In which case Start, Connect, & Stop chapter content can be skipped.

    ( ... Documents, Configuration, Object Inspection ... )

    Useful LibreOffice Packages

    For those wishing to explore cross-compatibility:

    IDE Project Setup

    Each IDE requires a different configuration or setup.

    Geany

    Libreoffice or OpenOffice embedded Python interpreters require to be defined explicity in Geany Projects - Properties - Build dialogs:

    Example values:

    • MacOS
      • P1. Compile = /Applications/LibreOffice.app/Contents/Resources/python -m py_compile "%f"
      • E1. Execute = /Applications/LibreOffice.app/Contents/Resources/python "%f"
    • Linux
      • P1. Compile = opt/openoffice4/program/python -m py_compile "%f"
      • E1. Execute = opt/openoffice4/program/python "%f"
    • Windows
      • Python commands
        • 1. Compile = "D:\Program Files\LibreOffice 5\program\python" -m py_compile "%f"
        • 2. Interpret = "D:\Program Files\LibreOffice 5\program\python"
      • Execute commands
        • 1. Execute = "D:\Program Files\LibreOffice 5\program\python" "%f"
        • 2. Unit Tests = "D:\Program Files\LibreOffice 5\program\python" -m unittest discover

    Pyzo

    Pyzo configuration dialog for embedded Python interpreters as of Shell - Edit shell configurations... menu:

    Pyzo - Shell - Shell configurations...

    PyCharm

    LibreOffice Python interpreter configuration with PyCharm default settings dialog:

    PyCharm - Default Settings - Project Interpreter

    What's in a Macro

    A LibreOffice Python macro may look like:

    import uno
    def my_1st_macro():
        # Won't run directly in Anaconda, Geany, KDevelop, PyCharm or else
        doc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument()
        doc.getText().setString("Hello World!")
    
    g_exportedScripts = my_1st_macro,

    Executing the above requires bridging together the IDE and LibreOffice. Once done UNO objects become accessible.

    Up to five steps can be necessary to achieve this:

    1. Start LibreOffice as a service
    2. Connect to a service
    3. create a XSCRIPTCONTEXT Adaptor
    4. Run the macro
    5. Stop LibreOffice as a service

    While examples available on the internet do not resort to all these steps, their study exhibits coding guidelines that IDE_utils module borrows from in order to innocuously integrate in IDEs.

    Start, Connect, Adapt, Run & Stop

    The table below lists a few public (Libre/Open)Office Python macro examples. Their usage of the Start, Connect, Adapt, Run, Stop steps is indicated.

    Example codes
    Description Start Connect Adapt Run

    Debug

    Stop
    a. LibreOffice and OpenOffice officehelper.py module x x
    b. Office.bridge.py A bridge for IDE with XSCRIPTCONTEXT revisité, Feb. 2017 (in french) x x x
    c. Interface-oriented programming in OpenOffice / LibreOffice: automate your office tasks with Python macros, Sep. 2013 x x
    d. unopy.py LibreOffice macro execution with PyCharm, Jan. 2014 (in japanese) x x x
    e. ooutils.py - Starting, Stopping and Connecting to OpenOffice with Python, Dec. 2008 x x x x
    f. Python UNO-bridge, Oct. 2008 x

    IDE enablement

    Based on these resources, requirements for Python macro enablement in IDEs can be summarised as:

    • start, connect, adapt, run and stop steps to be optional
    • Support multiple platforms i.e. essentially Linux, MacOS and Windows
    • on-demand startup --options
    • Permit pipe and/or socket connections
    • decoupled coding using injection
    • Provide Service pooling, context pooling
    • and KISS

    IDE_utils module proposal: A Runner() context manager class is responsible for starting and stopping soffice instances. An optional Runners.json configuration file contains service-options pairs holding the services to start and their running conditions. A connect() function bridges the actual IDE and LibreOffice instances. A ScriptContext() object is injected as XSCRIPTCONTEXT built-in. start() and stop() coding facilities are wrapping-up Runner() features. The module skeleton looks like:

    #!  # IDE_utils.py
    import officehelper
    RUNNERS = 'Runners.json'
    
    class Runner(soffice=None): pass
    class ScriptContext(): pass
    
    _ctx = officehelper.bootstrap()
    XSCRIPTCONTEXT = ScriptContext(_ctx)
    
    def connect(host='localhost', port=2002, pipe=None): pass
    def start(soffice=None): pass
    def _stop(): pass

    IDE_utils.py can be obtained from GitLab.

    Recommended Use

    import uno
    def my_1st_macro(): pass  # Your code goes here
    
    g_exportedScripts = my_1st_macro,  # Published macros
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        from IDE_utils import Runner, XSCRIPTCONTEXT
        with Runner() as jesse_owens:  # Start/Stop, Connect/Adapt
            my_1st_macro  # Run

    The example above should be your preferred use for IDE_utils. As starting and stopping a service may not fit all situations, these steps are optional. That same module allows the customization of LibreOffice - or OpenOffice - services running conditions. "Getting Started" user guide provides detailed description of the 3 different ways to use IDE_utils:

    • Resorting to (Libre/Open)Office default Python bootstrap() mechanism,
    • Letting Runner() and ScriptContext() objects take responsibility for start, connect, adapt, run and stop steps,
    • Deciding when to perform start, connect, adapt, run and stop steps.

    Managing Documents (draft)

    Opening a Document

    Creating a Document

    Saving a Document

    Closing a Document

    A General Purpose Converter

    Bug Detection & Reporting

    Examining (draft)

    Examining LibreOffice

    Configuration Properties

    Path Settings

    Getting & Setting DocumentProperties

    Reporting OS File Properties

    Setting Document Properties

    Inspecting a Document for API Information

    MRI, xRay & ObjectInspector

    Listening (draft)

    ... catching document(s) events, catching URP bridge events...